Summarizing Nursing Research

Summarizing Nursing Research
Research Summary Template
PICOT QUESTION:
In adult diabetic patients(P), what is the effect of routine education on prevention/management of diabetes (I) compared to no education(C) on their overall health (O) over a six to eight-week time frame? (T)

Full reference for article (APA Format)	Purpose	Research Method	Participants	Data Collection	Study Findings	Limitations	Relevance to PICOT
Chrvala, C. A., Sherr, D., & Lipman, R. D. (2016). Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient education and counseling, 99(6), 926-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.11.003	To assess the effect of diabetes self-management education and support methods, providers, duration, and contact time on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.	A systematic review of data from the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBACE, ERIC and PsycINFO databases.	The review was restricted to studies that used the randomized control trial method of research. The review was limited to studies with type 2 diabetic patients above 18 years.	The MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBACE, ERIC and PsycINFO databases were used for data extraction. All eligible publications data were abstracted by first author and confirmed by second reviewer.	There was an overall mean reduction in the levels of A1c for intervention groups. Review of 118 unique interventions for diabetes found a 61.9% significant change in A1C levels.	The study restricted publications to studies that used English as primary language only. Inclusion of studies that used RCTs only demonstrated bias and generalizability of these findings may be limited.	Glycemic control is among the strongest predictors of diabetes progression. The systematic review reveals that DSEM can be important in increasing management of the disease.
Nazar, C. M. J., Bojerenu, M. M., Safdar, M., & Marwat, J. (2016). Effectiveness of diabetes education and awareness of diabetes mellitus in combating diabetes in the United Kingdom; A literature review. Journal of Nephropharmacology, 5(2), 110. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5297564/	To evaluate the role of knowledge and awareness of diabetes in fighting against diabetes and to interpret to which extent is diabetes education successful.	A systematic review of articles from 2001 to 2011 in the United Kingdom.	The study utilized materials that included education for diabetes control across all age groups in the United Kingdom.	Quality papers from the British medical journals and library were selected. PubMed, EMBASE and DOAJ databases were consulted.	Blood glucose awareness training and CBT were found to balance glucose levels in type 1 diabetic patients. Education and psycho-social interventions can relatively improve diabetes management.	The research was restricted to studies from one region (UK) which renders the results limited to application in other areas. The study does not include the limitations and areas of focus in future researches.	The study directly supports my PICOT question by demonstrating how health education can improve general management of diabetes for patients.
Jain, S. R., Sui, Y., Ng, C. H., Chen, Z. X., Goh, L. H., & Shorey, S. (2020). Patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives towards technology-assisted diabetes self-management education. A qualitative systematic review. PloS one, 15(8), e0237647. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237647	To understand health education for diabetes and the factors that hinder the use of technology-assisted DSME by adults with type 2 diabetes and their healthcare professionals.	A qualitative systematic review of studies from different databases.	All the selected studies included adult patients of 18 years and above and searches were limited to the English language.	Five electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science Core Collection were used. Both quantitative and mixed -method studies that addressed the use of technology-assisted DSME were used.	Patients preferred technologies that were easy to access, use and apply. The use of technology- assisted interventions proved to increase management of diabetes among adults. Barriers such as poor literacy and poor competence with technology hindered effective diabetes education.	Only English language publications were considered in the study. Majority of the studies focused on western countries with adequate knowledge on technology.	The study demonstrates that education practices for diabetes should involve technology-assisted methods. Evidence also suggests that education practices are crucial in self management of diabetes.
Chawla, S. P. S., Kaur, S., Bharti, A., Garg, R., Kaur, M., Soin, D., … & Pal, R. (2019). Impact of health education on knowledge, attitude, practices and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(1), 261. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_228_18	To assess the impact of health education on knowledge, attitude, practices, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.	A case controlled study conducted in a tertiary hospital in India.	The study enrolled 100 participants, both male and female aged 40 years and above. All the selected participants had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.	The participants were divided into two groups, 50 for the study and 50 as the control group. A predetermined KAP questionnaire was administered at the beginning and end of the study.	The KAP scores at the end of the study showed significant increase from the baseline. The control group demonstrated a decrease in the KAP scores at the end of the study.	The study used a small sample size from a single center.	The study demonstrates that health education can increase the knowledge, attitude and practices in managing diabetes as addressed in my PICOT question.
Gagliardino, J. J., Chantelot, J. M., Domenger, C., Ramachandran, A., Kaddaha, G., Mbanya, J. C., … & IDMPS Steering Committee. (2019). Impact of diabetes education and self-management on the quality of care for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 147, 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.09.008	To determine the impact of diabetes education on individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus in improving quality of care.	Observational study by the IDMPS conducted in the Middle East.	1316 participants from the Middle East countries with type 1 diabetes.	Patient data was collected on case report forms including all aspects of diabetic patient care for comparison with baseline data.	Majority of participants (78%) failed to reach the glycemic target. Participants that received health education for diabetes management were likely to practice self management than their counterparts.	Being an observational study, the results cannot be fully relied upon because the participants were under care of specialized physicians.	The study supports my PICOT question because it demonstrates how health education is key to improving knowledge and attitude of the selected patient population.
Iquize, R. C. C., Theodoro, F. C. E. T., Carvalho, K. A., Oliveira, M. D. A., Barros, J. D. F., & Silva, A. R. D. (2017). Educational practices in diabetic patient and perspective of health professional: A systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, 39(2), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.5935/0101-2800.20170034	The study aimed at determining the relevance of health education on the management of diabetes.	A qualitative systematic review focusing on health education for diabetic patients in Brazil.	The selected studies involved papers published from 2010 to 2016. All the studies involved interventions that involved health education for diabetic individuals.	571 papers from PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Elsevier databases were used for the study. Quality of studies were assessed using the CASP protocols.	The results showed qualitative improvements in self-care, humanization in care and quality of life of patients.	The study does not analyze the limitations of materials used for the data collection process.	The study informs on my PICOT by demonstrating that health education can improve the perception of patients over diabetes mellitus. It also provides room for further research on the effect of educational practices for healthcare providers.
Widjanarko, B., & Sutopo, S. P. J. (2019). Affect health education with diabetes management self-education methods for. International Journal of Health, Education & Social (IJHES), 2(9), 10-25. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijhes.v2i9.34	To measure changes in self care, diabetes pressure, and blood sugar levels after DSME health education in diabetes mellitus patients.	A quasi-experimental study that involved pre-test and post-test with control group design.	58 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent outpatient treatment at the Tlogosari Kulon Community Health Center.	The respondents were divided into two groups and observation method used to collect data.	Self management education has a higher influence on self care, diabetes pressure ulcer and blood sugar levels for diabetic patients.	The study population used for the research is small (58) and the findings cannot be relied upon on other areas.	The study demonstrates that quality of life for diabetic patients can be increased by using DSME intervention. My PICOT question addresses the use of educational practices to achieve better outcomes in diabetic patients.
Huang, Z., Semwal, M., Lee, S. Y., Tee, M., Ong, W., Tan, W. S., Bajpai, R., & Tudor Car, L. (2019). Digital health professions education on diabetes management: Systematic review by the digital health education collaboration. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(2), e12997. https://doi.org/10.2196/12997	To assess the effectiveness and economic impact of digital education in improving health care professionals’ knowledge, skills, attitudes, satisfaction, and competencies. To also assess the impact of education on patient outcomes.	A systematic review involving randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of education on patients and healthcare professionals pre-and post-registration.	The research utilized 12 publications from the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases.	Two authors independently extracted data from the selected studies using a piloted data extraction form.	Most studies reported significantly higher knowledge and education in intervention groups. There was no clear outcomes or economic impact on observed patients.	Many studies involved in the systematic review were at high risk of attrition bias.	The study has focused on digital education for improvement of care for diabetic patients. It informs my PICOT question to consider adding digital education practices during my research.
Zhang, Y., & Chu, L. (2018). Effectiveness of systematic health education model for type 2 diabetes patients. International Journal of Endocrinology, 12(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6530607	To test the effectiveness of systematic health education model for type 2 diabetes patients.	A randomized controlled trial involving patients from the hospital’s inpatient and outpatient wards in Nanjing China.	998 patients divided into 498 for study group and 500 for control group randomized to systematic health education model.	Observation method was used to collect data on the two selected groups.	The systematic health education model led to favourable variation in blood glucose levels for the study population.	The trial was not blinded leaving a possibility of bias.	The study demonstrates the use of education for both inpatient and outpatient diabetic patients. It informs my PICOT question that education for the study should involve both aspects of education Inpatient and outpatient aspects).
Wang, L., Fang, H., Xia, Q., Liu, X., Chen, Y., Zhou, P., … & Rothman, R. L. (2019). Health literacy and exercise-focused interventions on clinical measurements in Chinese diabetes patients: A cluster randomized controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine, 17, 100211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.11.004	To evaluate the effectiveness of health literacy and exercise-focused interventions on clinical outcomes among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	A cluster randomized controlled trial involving 8 community centers in China.	799 type 2 diabetes patients were recruited from 35 clinics in 8 communities in Shanghai China.	The research involved collection of baseline information about the diastolic blood pressure, lipid levels and other parameters. Subsequent data was collected at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months.	Three intervention groups for the study demonstrated reduction in A1c levels than the control groups.	The results from the study cannot be generalized in rural communities where low literacy levels are exhibited.	This study uses patients that have high health literacy levels on diabetes control and the results indicate better management of their condition. It gives support to my PICOT that improving education levels on diabetes management can help improve patient outcomes.

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