Health Promotion and Disease Prevention case study

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention case study
The health promotion and disease prevention approach is among the top strategies to deal with the increasing burden of health concerns across all populations today. Health promotion involves the development of behaviors that can improve bodily functioning while enabling the individual to adapt to the ever-changing environment(Edelman et al., 2017). The disease-prevention approach addresses health by focusing on specific interventions aimed at reducing the development and severity of chronic diseases and other morbidities. The increasing burden of diseases among the elderly is one aspect that can benefit from properly designed health promotion and disease prevention approaches. This discussion analyzes health promotion and disease prevention using appropriate technology for the elderly population.

Population and Healthcare Needs

The majority of preventable diseases today can be controlled by effectively implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies. The population selected for this discussion includes African American Male individuals aged 65 years and above. According to recent reports, the increase in the number of adults worldwide is unprecedented. For instance, the 2016 statistics indicated that individuals older than 65 years represented 15% of the total population in the US (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), n.d.). Health promotion and disease prevention strategies can help in dealing with the burden of chronic disease and morbidities observed in this patient population.

Health promotion among the elderly is not based on a single aspect of health. This population is faced with multiple illnesses that can lower the quality of life and contribute to death. For instance, more than 60% of the elderly manage two or more chronic conditions (ODPHP, n.d.). These conditions include heart disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease among many others. The second healthcare concern is the level of injury caused by falls that on many occasions goes unnoticed. According to research, about 12% of older adults experience a fall significant enough to seek health care (Edelman et al., 2017, p. 48). This data is consistent with information from Healthy People 2020 whereby one out of three adults fall yearly, yet less than half report the falls to their doctors (ODPHP, n.d.). The elderly are also faced with problems like overweight and obesity alongside inadequate availability of caregivers to provide for their needs. The majority of the elderly lack health insurance coverage leading to the poor seeking of healthcare services and prolonged hospitalization because they are unable to cater for their bills.

Case Study

Mr. X is a 67-year-old African American male who reports today for an annual exam. He states he is in good health but complains of lower back pain of which he denies taking any medications to solve the problem. The patient reports that he is allergic to sulfa drugs. His past medical and surgical history reveals that he had diverticulitis and had a right total knee replacement surgery. The social history reveals that he quit smoking 5 years ago, but drinks a glass of wine every night during dinner. Additionally, he drinks 2 cups of coffee a day and drinks soda and tea because he does not like water. The patient hardly cooks meals at home and reports no incidences of physical activity to maintain his health. Regarding his family history, he reports that the father died at the age of 60 due to colon cancer and the mother is alive but suffers from HTN and type II diabetes. Among the health concerns identified from the patient include overweight, constipation, and occasional rectal bleeding. Apart from the GI system issues identified, the results from the review of other systems are impeccable.

Provider-level of Care

Mr. X can benefit from health promotion and disease prevention strategies focused on the identified health issues. Firstly, the patient can benefit from exercise to help manage his weight. There is a positive family history of HTN and diabetes which are likely to affect MR. X in the future. The utilization of mobile app technology like Fitbit for fitness tracking will help the patient exercise, monitor daily steps, and progress of the weight management process. Secondly, I will recommend the utilization of the MyPlate calorie Tracker application to ensure an appropriate diet is taken (Han & Lee, 2018). For instance, Mr. X suffers from constipation which can be managed using foods rich in dietary fiber.

Telehealth involves the use of digital communication and information technologies to access healthcare services remotely while managing health (Han & Lee, 2018). Telehealth using the mobile app technology will help reduce frequent visits and checkups for Mr.X. Information provided by the technology will ensure the patient gets to decide how to manage their health with assistance from the healthcare provider. During the use of these technologies, the patient will easily share results with the healthcare provider without necessarily visiting the hospital.

Nursing Diagnosis

Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements

Defining characteristics

• Lack of knowledge about healthy food habits
• Overweight

Related factors

• Lack of exercise
• Food intake exceeding body needs

Expected Outcomes

• The patient will change in eating patterns and involvement in exercise.
• The patient will display weight loss with optimal health maintenance.

Interventions

• Formulate an eating plan based on the patient’s eating patterns.
• Use mobile app technology to engage the patient in exercise and weight monitoring.
• Health education on the importance of nutritional balance and weight management.

References

Chiu, C. J., Hu, J. C., Lo, Y. H., & Chang, E. Y. (2020). Health promotion and disease prevention interventions for the elderly: A scoping review from 2015-2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5335. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155335

Edelman, C. L., Mandle, C. L., & Kudzma, E. C. (2017). Health promotion throughout the life span-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Han, M., & Lee, E. (2018). Effectiveness of mobile health application use to improve health behavior changes: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Healthcare Informatics Research, 24(3), 207–226. https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2018.24.3.207

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Older adults. Healthy People 2020. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/older-adults

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